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OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the association between early menarche and anthropometric/body composition variables in young female university students. METHODS: Cross-sectional study involving female university students at a public university in northeastern Brazil. Anthropometric and body composition data were collected, along with a self-report of age at menarche. The conceptual model considered demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle variables as well as the perception of weight in childhood and at menarche. RESULTS: Among the 162 students analyzed, 62.3% were less than 20 years of age. The frequency of underweight and overweight was 8.6% and 22.3%, respectively. The frequency of above-average body fat and obesity was 32.1% and 14.8%, respectively. Early menarche was reported in 35.2%. The frequency of self-reported excess weight in childhood and at menarche was 31.3% and 25.9%, respectively. A statistically significant association was found between early menarche and height < 1st tertile (< 1.62 m). A tendency toward an association was found between early menarche and both weight, circumference in the risk range and the perception of excess weight in childhood and at menarche. CONCLUSION: Current excess weight was more associated with excess weight in childhood and at menarche than the occurrence of early menarche.
OBJETIVO: Evaluar asociación entre menarquia precoz, parámetros antropométricos y de composición corporal en jóvenes universitarias. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en 162 jóvenes universitarias del Nordeste brasileño. Se recogieron datos antropométricos, de composición corporal y relato sobre la edad de la menarquia. Se consideraron, además, variables demográficas, socioeconómicas, estilo de vida e histórico del peso. RESULTADOS: De las 162 jóvenes el 62,3% tenía menos de 20 años de edad. Un 8,6% y 22,3% presentaron bajo peso, y exceso de peso respectivamente. La frecuencia de grasa corporal y obesidad por encima de la media fue de 32,1% y 14,8%, respectivamente. La menarquia temprana fue reportada en el 35,2% de los casos. El 31,3% y 25,9% repostaron tener exceso de peso en la infancia y en la menarquia respectivamente. Se verificó asociación estadísticamente significativa entre menarquia precoz y talla <1 tercil (<1,62cm). Además de una tendencia de asociación entre menarquia precoz, circunferencia de la cintura y exceso de peso, tanto en la infancia como en la edad de menarquia. CONCLUSIÓN: el exceso de peso actual está, mas asociado con el exceso de peso en la infancia y la edad de la menarquia que con la menarquia precoz.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Students , Body Composition , Menarche , Anthropometry , Universities , Brazil , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Age Factors , OverweightABSTRACT
Background: Menarche marks the beginning of the reproductive phase in a woman’s life or the onset of puberty Menarche is said to be early when it begins before the age of 8 years in a girl’s life. Early menarche can turn up into many consequences. This can only be controlled by carefully exploring and analyzing the factors causing early menarche. This study aims to assess the impact of changing lifestyle on age of menarche.Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study, included 112 subjects in group I (girls had their menarche at the age of <11 years) and 88 subjects in group II (Girls had their menarche at the age between 12-14 years). A self-made questionnaire was used for collecting the data.Results: It is found that 80.32% girls from group I and 47.73% girls from group II consume junk food daily or 2-3 times per week. 66.07% girls from group I and 51.14% girls from group II play indoor games daily or 2-3 times per week. 52.86% girls from group I and 26.14% girls from group II go to hotel once a week and 57.14% girls from group I and 73.86% girls from group II go to hotel occasionally.Conclusions: Girls who are not much interested in playing outdoor games, more frequently go to hotel, eat more junk food and consume more amount of fats in the daily home-made food have a significant lowering in the age of menarche.
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[Objective] We assessed in a retrospective unicenter study the state of metabolism and gonadal axis of early menarche girls and girls who treated with Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa).[Methods] Thirty-nine early menarche girls and 58 girls who had been treated with GnRHa were enrolled in our study and 19 normal menarche girls were enrolled as control group.Data were collected in height,weight,gonadal hormone,blood glucose,insulin,blood lipid,leptin,adiponectin and the size of uterus and ovary.[Results] Both BMI SDS for chronological age (CA) and for bone age (BA) of early menarche girls were significantly higher than normal menarche girls (P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of insulin resistance in early menarche girls (20.5％) was also significantly higher than normal girls (0％).No significant difference in lipid metabolism and gonadal axis between two groups.In girls treated with GnRHa,BMISDS,insulin,HOMA-IR and the ratio of insulin resistance (20.7％) were all significantly higher than normal group (P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,DHEAS,androstenedione and testosterone of GnRHa treated girls were significantly higher than early menache girls,and DHEAS was higher than normal girls.The size of uterus in treated group was larger than the other two groups.[Conclusion] Early menarche and GnRHa treatment may take negative effect to BMI and glucose metabolism.Androgen was higher in GnRHa treated group.Therefore,suggestion was that BMI,insulin,blood glucose and androgen should be monitored in early menarche girls and girls treated with GnRHa.
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Objective To assess the effect of early menarche and treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs ( GnRHa ) in girls with central precocious puberty ( CPP ) or early and fast puberty ( EFP ) on menstrual regularity. Methods Six hundred and ten healthy girls were recruited and their menarche age and menstrual cycle were recorded. 169 CPP or EFP girls treated with GnRHa were followed up, and their menarche age and menstrual cycle were also recorded. Results There were 129 girls with irregular menstruation among 610 healthy girls(21. 1%), with 10 in 44 early menarche girls(22. 7%) and 11 in 44 late menarche girls(25. 0%). Compared with normal menarche girls(17. 2%), no significant difference was found in the incidences of irregular menstruation in early and late menarche girls. The incidences of dysmenorrhea were 41. 1% in normal girls and 50. 0% in early menarche girls, without significant difference. There was a higher incidence of irregular menstruation in 113 CPP girls and 56 EFP girls treated with GnRHa compared with healthy girls (31. 4% vs 21. 1%, P0. 05). Fifty-seven cases treated with GnRHa(33. 7%) suffered from dysmenorrhea, and there was no significant difference as compared with healthy girls and girls with early menarche. Conclusion The incidence of irregular menstruation was similar in early menarche girls and normal girls. CPP and EFP girls with GnRHa treatment had a significantly higher incidence of irregular menstruation than normal girls, but no difference was found as compared with girls with early menarche. Early menarche and GnRHa treatment did not affect the incidence of dysmenorrhea.
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Objetivos: Avaliar, na população feminina do município de Xangri-Lá, balneário do sul do estado, a prevalência da obesidade e seus fatores de risco. Métodos: Estudo de base populacional, prospectivo e transversal com aplicação de questionário estruturado com as variáveis: idade, cor, estado civil, escolaridade, renda familiar, idade da menarca e paridade. Critérios de inclusão: idade ≥ 20 anos, assinatura do consentimento informado e presença no posto de saúde do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) para exame das mamas e medidas da estatura, peso e pressão arterial. A obesidade foi definida pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥ 30 Kg/m². Resultados: Foram incluídas 728 mulheres com mais de 20 anos atendidas no PSF. A média de idade da amostra foi de 41 anos, com desvio padrão de 12,2. O IMC médio foi de 27,4 e verificou-se que 60,6% da população avaliada estava com peso acima do saudável, ou seja, IMC ≥ 25. A obesidade ocorreu em 26,9% dos casos e mostrou correlação positiva com a idade (p=0,000), sendo que 49,3% das mulheres a partir dos 60 anos eram obesas. A menarca precoce mostrou-se um preditor à obesidade (p=0,003). A multiparidade e a baixa renda familiar foram fatores predisponentes. Cerca de 67% das mulheres com menor nível de escolaridade (até 5 anos) estavam obesas ou com sobrepeso. Conclusões: A prevalência da obesidade nesta população feminina foi de 26,9%. A idade e a menarca precoce parecem ser os principais fatores de risco, mas também a paridade, a baixa escolaridade e a baixa renda familiar contribuem para a prevalência deste agravo.
Background: To evaluate the prevalence of obesity and its associated risk factors among women from Xangri-Lá, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study. A structured questionnaire including the following variables: age, color, marital status, educational level, family income, age at first menstruation, and parity was administered. The inclusion criteria were: being ≥ 20 year old, having signed the informed consent form, and attending the outpatient clinic of the Family Health Program for breast exam and measurement of height, weight, and arterial pressure. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 Kg/m². Results: Seven hundred and twenty-eight women were included. Mean age was 41 years (SD = 12.2). Mean BMI was 27.4, and 60.6% of the sample was overweight (BMI ≥ 25). The prevalence of obesity among the subjects was 26.9%, showing a positive correlation with age (p=0.00), and 49.3% of the women older than 60 years old were obese. Early menarche was a predictor for obesity (p=0.003). Multiparity and low family income were contributing factors. About 67% of the women with low educational level (< 5 years) were obese or overweight. Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity in this female population was 26.9%. Age and early menarche seem to be the most important risk factors; however, parity, low educational level, and low family income contribute to the prevalence of obesity.